Hemorrhoids are a common anal disease among humans. According to statistics, approximately 70%-90% of people experience 1-2 episodes of hemorrhoid flare-ups in their lifetime. Due to the heavy workload, dietary habits, and lifestyle carelessness of the general population, hemorrhoid flare-ups can easily occur, and seeking unconventional remedies may delay medical treatment, causing unnecessary physical and mental distress.
Causes of Hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids result from venous congestion and subsequent dilation of veins under the anal mucosa or skin. This condition leads to connective tissue proliferation, tendon rupture, and protrusion of the mucosa, commonly occurring on the left side, anterior, and posterior directions of the anus. In simple terms, hemorrhoids occur due to varicose veins near the anus. It is common in approximately 60-70% of males and 40-50% of females. The most prevalent age range is between 30 and 55 years old. Factors contributing to hemorrhoids include prolonged sitting or standing, high working environment temperatures, poor bowel habits, a preference for low-fiber, high-calorie refined foods, and consumption of spicy and irritating foods. Additionally, conditions such as constipation, diarrhea, ascites, prostate enlargement, and coughing, as well as the long-term use of laxatives or enemas, and pregnancy, can also increase the risk of hemorrhoids.
Common Symptoms of Hemorrhoids:
- Rectal bleeding: Bright red blood that may drip or spray after a bowel movement.
- Prolapse of mucous membrane: A sense of fullness or discomfort during abdominal exertion.
- Burning sensation, swelling, and a constant urge to defecate.
- Itching, mucus discharge, and eczema around the anus.
- Pain and swelling.
- Protrusion of the anal skin.
Classification of Hemorrhoids: A. Classified by location, confirmed by rectoscopy or proctoscopy:
- Internal hemorrhoids: Prolapse of the mucous membrane above the dentate line (approximately 2 cm from the anal opening).
- External hemorrhoids: Prolapse of the skin below the dentate line.
- Mixed hemorrhoids: Combined occurrence of internal and external hemorrhoids.
- Classified by severity:
- Grade 1: Prolapse within the anal canal, accompanied by painless bleeding.
- Grade 2: Prolapse outside the anal canal during abdominal exertion or defecation, but it can self-retract.
- Grade 3: Prolapse outside the anal canal during abdominal exertion or defecation, requiring manual reduction.
- Grade 4: Permanently protruding outside the anal canal, unable to retract.
Treatment for Hemorrhoids:
- Dietary therapy: Increase intake of high-fiber fruits, vegetables, and fluids.
- Sitz bath therapy: Sit in warm water for 10-15 minutes.
- Topical cream therapy: Apply creams containing analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-thrombotic substances.
- Injection sclerotherapy: Inject a mixture of 5% phenol and oil to induce sclerosis.
- Cryotherapy: Rapidly cool the tissue to -60 to -150 degrees Celsius to cause necrosis.
- Infrared coagulation therapy: Use infrared radiation to burn and necrotize the tissue.
- Rubber band ligation: Apply a rubber band to cut off blood flow to the hemorrhoidal tissue.
- Surgical hemorrhoidectomy: Primarily used for Grade 4 mixed hemorrhoids.
- Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids (PPH method): Circular excision of the internal hemorrhoid mucosa.
- Prevention of Hemorrhoids:
- Establish a regular bowel movement routine.
- Adequate hydration.
- Sufficient sleep and regular exercise.
- Increase consumption of high-fiber fruits and vegetables, while avoiding spicy, fried, and irritating foods, and minimizing the occurrence of constipation and diarrhea.
- Please note that the above information is provided for general reference only and should not replace professional medical advice. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for hemorrhoids.
Last Updated on 2023 年 7 月 7 日 by 3535
